The prespecified treatment difference for noninferiority was set at -12%. Based on the large difference, a predetermined superiority test was applied, and DTG was found to be superior to RAL (P=0.03). PDVF occurred more frequently in the RAL group (12% vs 6%) by week 48. Of these virologic failures, 19 (42%) of the RAL patients and only two (10%) of the DTG patients were found to be nonresponders as opposed to failures due to virologic rebound. CD4 cell count increased in both groups with mean changes of 162 cells/mm3 in the DTG arm and 153 cells/mm3 in the RAL arm.