In literature, most consolidated bioprocess and one-pot fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce butanol are
limited to one substrate such as sugarcane bagasse, rice bran, rice straw or wheat straw. Our study is the first attempt to employ mixed substrates (rice bran and sesame oilcake) to improve the expression of saccharolytic enzymes in solventogenic Clostridia. A new strategy to develop a cost-effective consolidated bioprocess for butanol and hydrogen production is recommended. By using an optimized rice bran to sesame oil cake ratio (94.5 g/l of rice bran and 36.7 of sesame oil cake), expression of saccharolytic enzymes can be enhanced 2 times. As a result,13.50 g/l of butanol and 4.41 l/l of hydrogen were produced from rice bran and sesame oil cake during fermentation.