While there is indeed a clear need for comprehensive reform in the Muslim world, it is not clear that secularization is the path to realizing it. The conflict between church and state that has characterized much of Western history has in fact been historically absent in the Muslim world. As a result, the line between religious and secular obligations—and indeed, a societal consensus that there is a need for such a line—is not as well-established in the Muslim world as it is in the West.