Preparatory to the hydrolysis, a glass batch reactor was filled
with different set amounts of biomass, distilled water and solidacid
catalyst. The reaction was initiated by raising the reactor temperature
in the heating block after 5 min of preheating, and was
monitored and adjusted using a PID temperature controller. Mixing
was performed with a magnetic stirrer at 500 rpm. Upon completion
of the reaction, the reactor was cooled to room temperature,
and the liquid was recovered by 15,000 rpm centrifugation for
20 min. For a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
analysis of samples, the supernatants were filtered through a
0.2 lm syringe