At that point (i.e. by the late 1960s), a number of geographers, responding both to conditions within the field
and to material and intellectual circumstances in society more generally, grew quite restive with many facets of
the discipline. These scholars were becoming more aware of (and more responsive to) a number of important social
movements that were beginning to coalesce around key issues of the time, including: (1) rising opposition to the
Vietnam War (and its characterization as part of ongoing imperialist and neo-colonialist projects against the global
south by the global north); (2) the early stirrings of so-called “second wave” feminism and mounting resistance to
the structures and strictures of patriarchy (and, by extension, other forms of traditionally constituted “normativity”);
(3) an ongoing struggle for the expansion of civil rights to a variety of minorities who saw themselves excluded
from the post-World War II prosperity that had lifted many other segments of the U.S. society; and (4) a newly
energized environmental movement given its impetus by overt signs of an environment polluted and overburdened
to the point of crisis.