the 16-item scale required participants to report on a scale from (1) ‘‘totally disagree’’ to (7) ‘‘totally agree.’’ Participants responded to questions such as, ‘‘I have a good sense of why I have certain feelings most of the time’’ (self-emotions appraisal), ‘‘I have a good understanding of the emotions of people around me’’ (others- emotions appraisal), ‘‘I am a self-motivating person’’ (use of emotion), and ‘‘I am able to control my temper so that I can handle difficulties rationally’’ (regulation of emotion).