Each of these antecedents represents steps toward self-advocacy. While each may facilitate a
survivor becoming a self-advocate, the presence of antecedents alone does not guarantee the
Hagan and Donovan Page 6
J Adv Nurs. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 October 01.
NIH-PA process of self-advocacy. The key feature of self-advocacy is the survivors’ ability to
internalize personal characteristics, skills and support resources into actions to support
personally relevant goals.