Optimization of function F3S is difficult to MuGA since it is not
possible to make a combination of short low-order BB to make
large BB due to the spreading of the alleles of each function
through the chromosome (Table 8, Figure 13). In this experiment
the simple flipbit operator of Flipbit_D, that uses only small
probabilities is more successful (Table 9, Figure 12) than MWM
operator that uses different probabilities. The relative success of
the Flipbit_D is more a result of a poor performance of the other
versions. The selective pressure exerted by the number of copies
local optima individuals, with MWM and MDR operators is not
beneficial since the local optima are not correlated with the
optimum. The difficulty to optimize this function is also presented
in [33]. Figure 14 does not reflect the optimization difficulty of
this function