TTM is an applicable model for designing passive smoking prevention programmes and is able to improve knowledge, experiential and behavioural processes and self-efficacy among pregnant women and women with young children. Results of this study showed that our TTM-based programme was potentially effective in passive smoking prevention among pregnant women and women with young children and may encourage more women with young children to make progress in avoiding passive smoking
Among pregnant women, the intervention group had significantly higher post-test scores than the comparison group. The distribution of percentages in three stages of change (Precontemplation, Contemplation/Preparation and Action/Maintenance) was significantly different between the two groups among both pregnant women and mothers. However, a higher percentage of mothers made progress in stages of change compared with pregnant women.