Cockpit/crew resource management (CRM) training within the military has grown rapidly despite the paucity of empirical data linking CRM to mission performance. CRM training objectives (and course content) are often too vague to allow meaningful training evaluation within the context of traditional transfer-of-training paradigms. A multimeasure methodology that exploits all sources of archival and observational data within a training organization has the potential to advance training evaluation, particu- larly for crew-based skills such as CRM. This article discusses a variety of CRM data sources and presents findings using 2 ofthese sources: instructor comments in student training folders and over-the-shoulder observations ofcrews in tactical simulators. In- structor comments revealed that CRM problems early in training most frequently in- volve decision making and communication among crew members. Over-the-shoulder observationsofexperiencedcrewsshowedhighcorrelationsbetweenindependentrat- ings ofCRM proficiency and mission performance. The most effective crews exhibited suchcharacteristicCRMbehaviorsasthepresenceofasingleleaderandwillingnessto change plans based on changing mission situations. The article closes by describing how these study data can be used to restructure CRM training into a set of behav- ior-based objectives that will enable meaningful evaluation of its effectiveness in im- proving the performance levels of all student crews.