Most of the information on the toxicity of patulin is derived from animal studies and there is little or no experimental, or epidemiological, data on acute or chronic toxicity in humans.
At relatively high doses, patulin is acutely toxic in mice and rats, causing gastrointestinal lesions, distension and haemorrhage in the stomach and small intestine. However, it is possible that these effects are due to the selective antibiotic action of patulin against Gram-positive bacteria, which may give Gram-negative intestinal pathogens an advantage. LD50 values (lethal dose) of 20-100 mg/kg bodyweight have been reported for patulin administered orally to mice and rats. These levels are much higher than those likely to be encountered in human diets. Relatively high doses of patulin have also been shown to be immunotoxic and neurotoxic in animals.
Of more concern from a food safety point of view are longer term chronic effects. It has been suggested that patulin could be a carcinogen at low levels in the diet, but the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has reviewed the available data and concluded that there is no convincing evidence of carcinogenicity in animals or in humans, other than at extremely high doses.
Most of the information on the toxicity of patulin is derived from animal studies and there is little or no experimental, or epidemiological, data on acute or chronic toxicity in humans.At relatively high doses, patulin is acutely toxic in mice and rats, causing gastrointestinal lesions, distension and haemorrhage in the stomach and small intestine. However, it is possible that these effects are due to the selective antibiotic action of patulin against Gram-positive bacteria, which may give Gram-negative intestinal pathogens an advantage. LD50 values (lethal dose) of 20-100 mg/kg bodyweight have been reported for patulin administered orally to mice and rats. These levels are much higher than those likely to be encountered in human diets. Relatively high doses of patulin have also been shown to be immunotoxic and neurotoxic in animals.Of more concern from a food safety point of view are longer term chronic effects. It has been suggested that patulin could be a carcinogen at low levels in the diet, but the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has reviewed the available data and concluded that there is no convincing evidence of carcinogenicity in animals or in humans, other than at extremely high doses.
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