To increase the forwarding resilience and reliability in highly lossy multirate wireless networks,
a resilient and opportunistic routing solution for mesh networks (ROMER) [5] builds a forwarding mesh on the fly and on a per packet basis. In ROMER each packet carries an option indicating how far it is allowed to deviate away from the shortest path from source sto destination t, denoted ExtraCost(ExtraCost≥0). Let distance_so_far i represent the distance a packet has gone thus far from its source to the current node i, and shortest_distance(x,y) the shortest distance from node xt o node y. The precondition under which an intermediate node i overhearing a transmission is allowed to further transmit the packet is as follows: distance_so_fari + shortest_distance(i,t) ≤shortest_distance(s,t) + ExtraCost, which (approximately) creates an ellipse-style mesh structure, centered on the long-term shortest path from source to destination. The mesh provides enough flexibility of rich and interleaved paths to accommodate the short-term radio channel dynamics and transient outages. In [5], to suppress duplicate copies, the forwarding probabilities at intermediate nodes not-on-shortest-path are adjusted based on their downstream links’ instantaneous throughput. Moreover, the integration of AOMDV and anycast, OPRAH, and ROMER can support node mobility due to the high resilience of their created forwarding structures.