This study showed that at the very low level of exhaust emissions that were being measured on the PZEV vehicle, even a small amount of the sulfur in fuel, 33 ppm, has an effect on test-to-test NOx stability during FTP testing (14). Data from this study showed that underfloor catalyst temperatures of 600°C can still result in sulfur poisoning that inhibits NOx performance and consistency in tailpipe results. By using a high exhaust/high engine load driving cycle, such as the US06, between FTP test cycles, underfloor catalyst bed temperatures of 750°C were achieved and that reversed the sulfur poisoning effect that occurred on the underfloor TWC converter. One important aspect of this study was measuring the ability of different driving cycles to reverse the catalyst poisoning and the potential for “NOx creep”, the incremental permanent reduction in catalytic efficiency as a result of repeated sulfur exposure.
The study found that FTP evaluations with California Phase II certification fuel with 33 ppm sulfur exhibited increasing NOx emissions with subsequent FTP evaluations (NOx creep). Results from tests to minimize NOx creep using 3 ppm sulfur fuel indicate that using the US06 cycle in between FTP tests can mitigate NOx creep. FTP evaluations with 3 ppm sulfur fuel exhibited no NOx creep regardless of FTP preparation cycle and yielded overall lower NOx emissions. The study also concluded that reducing the fuel sulfur level further from 33 ppm to 3 ppm will have additional benefits with close-coupled + underfloor emission systems. The authors found that reducing fuel sulfur level from 33 to 3 ppm significantly reduced the tailpipe NOx emissions by 40% and could result in the overall achievement of lower emission regulations and/or the use of lower precious group metals concentrations (14).
This study showed that at the very low level of exhaust emissions that were being measured on the PZEV vehicle, even a small amount of the sulfur in fuel, 33 ppm, has an effect on test-to-test NOx stability during FTP testing (14). Data from this study showed that underfloor catalyst temperatures of 600°C can still result in sulfur poisoning that inhibits NOx performance and consistency in tailpipe results. By using a high exhaust/high engine load driving cycle, such as the US06, between FTP test cycles, underfloor catalyst bed temperatures of 750°C were achieved and that reversed the sulfur poisoning effect that occurred on the underfloor TWC converter. One important aspect of this study was measuring the ability of different driving cycles to reverse the catalyst poisoning and the potential for “NOx creep”, the incremental permanent reduction in catalytic efficiency as a result of repeated sulfur exposure.The study found that FTP evaluations with California Phase II certification fuel with 33 ppm sulfur exhibited increasing NOx emissions with subsequent FTP evaluations (NOx creep). Results from tests to minimize NOx creep using 3 ppm sulfur fuel indicate that using the US06 cycle in between FTP tests can mitigate NOx creep. FTP evaluations with 3 ppm sulfur fuel exhibited no NOx creep regardless of FTP preparation cycle and yielded overall lower NOx emissions. The study also concluded that reducing the fuel sulfur level further from 33 ppm to 3 ppm will have additional benefits with close-coupled + underfloor emission systems. The authors found that reducing fuel sulfur level from 33 to 3 ppm significantly reduced the tailpipe NOx emissions by 40% and could result in the overall achievement of lower emission regulations and/or the use of lower precious group metals concentrations (14).
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This study showed that at the very low level of exhaust emissions that were being measured on the PZEV vehicle, even a small amount of the sulfur in fuel, 33 ppm, has an effect on test-to-test NOx stability during FTP testing (14). Data from this study showed that underfloor catalyst temperatures of 600°C can still result in sulfur poisoning that inhibits NOx performance and consistency in tailpipe results. By using a high exhaust/high engine load driving cycle, such as the US06, between FTP test cycles, underfloor catalyst bed temperatures of 750°C were achieved and that reversed the sulfur poisoning effect that occurred on the underfloor TWC converter. One important aspect of this study was measuring the ability of different driving cycles to reverse the catalyst poisoning and the potential for “NOx creep”, the incremental permanent reduction in catalytic efficiency as a result of repeated sulfur exposure.
The study found that FTP evaluations with California Phase II certification fuel with 33 ppm sulfur exhibited increasing NOx emissions with subsequent FTP evaluations (NOx creep). Results from tests to minimize NOx creep using 3 ppm sulfur fuel indicate that using the US06 cycle in between FTP tests can mitigate NOx creep. FTP evaluations with 3 ppm sulfur fuel exhibited no NOx creep regardless of FTP preparation cycle and yielded overall lower NOx emissions. The study also concluded that reducing the fuel sulfur level further from 33 ppm to 3 ppm will have additional benefits with close-coupled + underfloor emission systems. The authors found that reducing fuel sulfur level from 33 to 3 ppm significantly reduced the tailpipe NOx emissions by 40% and could result in the overall achievement of lower emission regulations and/or the use of lower precious group metals concentrations (14).
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