One of the more contentious areas for local government
budgeting in recent years has been the issue of
mandates. State and federal government mandates
have imposed increasing responsibilities on local governments,
by requiring specific services, certain levels
of public activity, or administrative procedures. For
example, mandates concerning clean water impose
new reporting and training activities, or mandates
regarding public access require expenses of retrofitting
buildings and sidewalks. State-required activities, services,
or programs may be imposed through legislation,
executive order, administrative rules, or court decree.
The broad reach of mandates affects local governments
by reducing discretion in service delivery and
because the expenses entailed in satisfying mandates
limit the personnel and resources available.