The second column (Single Domain Models) of Table 1
presents the effects of predictors controlling for other factors
within that domain. Most of the single predictor effects
seen in the Socio-demographic Background, Family Smoking,
and Parental Attitudes/Norms Toward Smoking domains remained even when controlling for other factors
within those domains, indicating that these predictors contribute
to daily smoking initiation independent of the other
factors in that domain. However, within the domain of
Family Processes, only two factors remained significant:
family monitoring and family bonding. Moderate and consistent
family discipline and family conflict did not contribute
significantly to the initiation of daily smoking once
family monitoring and family bonding were considered.
Table 2 presents Multiple Domain Models of daily
smoking initiation by entering different domains of predictors
hierarchically. Comparing Model 2 with Model 1, it is
clear that family smoking, especially parental smoking, contributed
significantly to the explanation of variation in daily
smoking initiation beyond variation explained by sociodemographic
background.
The comparison of Model 2 and Model 3 indicates that
family processes, especially family monitoring and rules
and family bonding, contributed significantly to the explanation of variation in daily smoking initiation beyond variation
explained by socio-demographic background and family
smoking. However, family smoking remained important
even after family processes were added in Model 3. Family
processes predicted daily smoking initiation independently
of socio-demographic background and family smoking, and
parental smoking remained an important predictor of initiation
of daily smoking, even after family processes were
considered.