This university research discovered that a couple of key problems exist at CISISU: 1. Lecturers
and students complained that administrators’ leadership styles were focused on subjective factors while
ignoring objective factors, particularly, situational factors; 2. Top leaders advocated the opinion that if there
is a “shift from transactional leadership to transformational leadership,” the satisfaction of followers and
the effectiveness of leadership will be lower. Based on the research results, the researcher made the
following suggestions to the top leaders and administrators at CISISU:
1. CISISU should give up its current advocating for a “shift from transactional leadership style to
transformational leadership style,” and instead, advocate “ not only paying close attention to the use
of transformational leadership style, but also the selective use of transactional leadership style, based
on analyzing the specific situation.” CISISU is not yet ready to focus only on “use people, manage
people” (transformational leadership style) , but rather needs to use both transactional and
transformational leadership style to adapt to the needs of the situation to produce more effective
leadership.
2.It is better for CISISU to adopt the recommendations from this research to rebuilt its own
administrative system based on the findings of this research to: a. improve the situational factors to a
higher LMX and adjust the position power among power positions and empower administrators; b.
use the model “optimal choice of leadership styles under different situations” to improve the
administrative effectiveness and efficiency.