The Bran-Rucar Passageway (46 N, 25 E) covers 185 km2. It is
situated at 1000 m 1400 m above sea level in the eastern part of
the Transylvanian Alps (Fig. 1). This passageway has served as a
major trans-Carpathian communication axis since the Roman
period (AD 106 e AD 271); the region has been an area of contact
between different political influences for a long time. At a local
level, however, intense economic and cultural exchange between
communities has long characterized the passageway. As such, this
region has a lengthy history of land use. The first presence of
humans was noted as early as the Neolithic period (Giurcaneanu,
1998) when traditional activities were mainly related to shepherding
(Conea, 1936).