This chapter is divided into three main parts. The first part retraces the history of social movements concerning land and forest issues in Thailand from 1970s to the present. The history, concepts, and actions of these social movements, reflect the shifts of the constructed values of land according to the change in social context, elevation of contested land, and the perceptions of identity of the people residing in the land. The social movements’ construction of localized meanings of land explicitly occurred in the context that the Thai state has intensified the territorialization and commoditization of land in rural areas especially from the 1980s through granting concessions to firms for logging and establishing commercial tree plantation as well as the declaration of a large number of protected areas. In this context, the CBNRM has been explicitly appropriated by Thailand’s forest movements not only to undermine state rights over land, but also to contest the de-localized meanings of land in the neo-liberal economic regime. The