The new Soviet Approach to Europe
Under Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Soviet policy toward Europe has undergone the most dramatic change since the end of World War II. Soon after coming to power, Gorbachev embarked on a policy designed to strengthen ties with Western Europe and exploit transatlantic difference. At the same time, he tried to redefine relations with Eastern Europe, putting greater emphasis on “freedom of choice’’ and economic efficiency.
Gorbachev’s policy was predicated on a gradual evolution of the bipolar security system in Europe and the continued existence of two German states. His initiatives, however, unleashed force that took on a dynamic of their own and resulted in the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the destruction of the bipolar security order based on the division of Europe into two opposing political-ideological blocs. As a result, the Soviet leadership is now faced with the need to construct a new [policy not only toward Eastern Europe but toward Europe as a whole. Moreover, it must do so at a time when the Soviet Union faces major internal difficulties that could severely limit its capacity to pursue a vigorous and coherent Europe policy.