electrical and solar-thermal efficiencies of 9.1% and 41.9%, respec-tively [17]. However, this feature is limited because of the gradually increasing water temperature within the loop. This temperature causes a freezing potential in cold climates. Refrigerant-based PV/T systems can generate high electrical and thermal energy effi-ciencies of approximately 12% and 50%, respectively [22]. However, refrigerant-based PV/T systems suffer from several inherent tech-nical problems, such as difficulty in maintaining the required pressure (positive and negative), high risk of refrigerant leakage, and uneven refrigerant distribution across multiple coils installed in a large PV area [27]. Heat pipe PV/T systems achieve a similar thermal efficiency as refrigerant-based systems. In addition, these systems can resolve the previously mentioned technical barriers.