The ceramic membranes used in this work were alumina membranes
with pore size in the range of 0.1–0.5 m, provided by
Changcheng Xinyuan Membrane Technology Corporation in Hefei,
China. The separation membrane system consisted of 19 tubular
channels, each 25 cm in length and 2 mm in diameter. The poresize
distribution (PSD) of the membranes was measured by the gas
bubble pressure method, as shown in Fig. 1. And Fig. 2 shows the
SEM photo of the cross-section of the membrane used in this work.
The thickness of the top layer obtained from Fig. 2 is approximately
20 m