Two items concerned placement effectiveness, and the alpha of these
items was .80. Training effectiveness perception was measured by four items,
which showed an alpha of .82. Performance appraisal effectiveness was
measured by three items, with an alpha of .68. Perceptions of employment
security, the suggestion system and the grievance system were measured by
one item each. All the items were measured using a 7-point Likert scale, and
an average was taken when measured by multiple items.