7. Preferred technologies for waste management
An effective SWM system must be both environmentally and economically sustainable. The waste management technology must reduce the environmental impacts of as much as possible and it should also be cost affective. Effective management and coordination between several solid waste techniques such as collection, transportation and processing is necessary to manage and dispose of the specific components of the waste stream. To do this effectively, the different management activities have to be supported by practical, sound and effective policies and strategies. Table 8 deals with the environmental impacts of different municipal solid waste management techniques. Emissions from landfill sites are the third largest contributors to global warming in India. The landfill gas constitute of 50–60% methane (Suchitra, 2007), which is main greenhouse gas contributing significantly to global warming. Land filling in appropriate way results in serious damages in terms of deteriorated water quality in nearby areas of landfill sites due to percolation of leachates, adverse health impacts on population living in close proximity, bad odors and the constant fear of an explosion of methane gas emitted from landfill sites (Table 8). Many reviews suggested an association between exposure to landfill sites and ill health. Sever (1997) and Johnson, 1997 and Johnson, 1999 highlighted an increased risk of birth defects and some cancers for the inhabitants living near landfill sites. Ultimate disposal of wastes at sanitary landfills is given the least priority in an integrated waste management approach. Sanitary landfills are essential for final disposal of the wastes that cannot be prevented, reused, recycled or composted. Sanitary landfill requires significant investments. Sanitary landfills may include pollution control measures, such as collection and treatment of leachate, and venting or flaring of methane. Electricity can be produced by burning the methane generated from landfills. Properly managed sanitary landfills significantly minimize pollution and risks to human health and the environment as compared to open dumping.
7. โรงแรมเทคโนโลยีการจัดการของเสียAn effective SWM system must be both environmentally and economically sustainable. The waste management technology must reduce the environmental impacts of as much as possible and it should also be cost affective. Effective management and coordination between several solid waste techniques such as collection, transportation and processing is necessary to manage and dispose of the specific components of the waste stream. To do this effectively, the different management activities have to be supported by practical, sound and effective policies and strategies. Table 8 deals with the environmental impacts of different municipal solid waste management techniques. Emissions from landfill sites are the third largest contributors to global warming in India. The landfill gas constitute of 50–60% methane (Suchitra, 2007), which is main greenhouse gas contributing significantly to global warming. Land filling in appropriate way results in serious damages in terms of deteriorated water quality in nearby areas of landfill sites due to percolation of leachates, adverse health impacts on population living in close proximity, bad odors and the constant fear of an explosion of methane gas emitted from landfill sites (Table 8). Many reviews suggested an association between exposure to landfill sites and ill health. Sever (1997) and Johnson, 1997 and Johnson, 1999 highlighted an increased risk of birth defects and some cancers for the inhabitants living near landfill sites. Ultimate disposal of wastes at sanitary landfills is given the least priority in an integrated waste management approach. Sanitary landfills are essential for final disposal of the wastes that cannot be prevented, reused, recycled or composted. Sanitary landfill requires significant investments. Sanitary landfills may include pollution control measures, such as collection and treatment of leachate, and venting or flaring of methane. Electricity can be produced by burning the methane generated from landfills. Properly managed sanitary landfills significantly minimize pollution and risks to human health and the environment as compared to open dumping.
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