Know your audience. Know to whom you will be speaking, and learn The more you can as much about your audience as you can to your speech, anticipate the kind of reaction your listeners will have the more comfortable you will be in delivering your message. Be audience-centered rather than speaker-centered. Don't keep telling nervous you are going speaker focuses on connecting to listeners rather than focusing on M fear, better prepared you are, the Be prepared. Always remember that the ess anxiety you will experience. Being prepared means that you have researched your topic and practiced your speech several times before you deliver it. Being prepared also means that you have developed a logically coherent outline rather one that is disorganized and to follow. Transitional phrases and summaries can help you present a well-structured, easy-to-understand message. Re-create the speech environment when you practice. When you M practice your speech, imagine that you are giving the speech to the audience you will actually address. A realistic rehearsal will increase your confidence when your moment to speak arrives. M Know your introduction and your conclusion. You are likely to feel the most anxious during the opening moments of your speech. Therefore, it is a good idea to have a clear plan for how you will start your speech. Being familiar with your introduction will help you feel more comfortable about the entire speech. Moreover, if you know how you will end your speech, you will have a safe harbor in case you lose your place. If you need to end your speech prematurely, a well-delivered conclusion can permit you to make a graceful exit. M visualize your success. Studies suggest that on of the best ways to control is to imagine a scene in which you exhibit skill and comfort as a public speaker. As you imagine giving your speech, picture yourself walking confidently to the front and delivering your