For the first version of this review in 2003, we identified 354 refer- ences related to music therapy and dementia. Of those, 254 were discarded as they did not refer to a research study, were identified as anecdotal or reports of case studies on the basis of their abstracts. Hard copies were obtained for the remaining 100 studies. We then discarded a further 74 studies as they involved patient series or case studies. A total of 26 studies remained in 2003 of which five met the criteria for inclusion in this review (Groene 1993; Lord 1993; Clark 1998; Brotons 2000 & Gerdner 2000). In 2008, an additional eighteen studies were reviewed of which three studies met the criteria for this review (Sung 2006; Svansdottir 2006 & Raglio 2008). For the update of 2010 we retrieved a total of 188 references of possible relevance. After a first assessment 16 refer- ences remained which were further assessed, of which two studies met the criteria of this review (Raglio n.d. & Guétin 2009). In total, 10 studies were included in the current update.