Even employees with positive attitudes may not have the knowledge to adequately carry out their assigned tasks. Effective training ensures that each employee has the skills and knowledge to meet performance targets. Typical tools to evaluate knowledge are tests in the subject matter. Training programs must define what knowledge is required for a specific task, test employees for it and establish pass/fail levels. The tests measure the effectiveness of the training. Excellent training programs result in all employees acquiring the essential knowledge and passing the tests.