Formica pallidifulva nitidiventris Emery and Formica subsericea Say also readily attacked 3rd- and 4th-instar black cutworms (Figs. 5 and 6) but did not have the rapid recruitment behavior of F. schaufussi. Whereas the latter species typically had 12-15 nest mates attacking together, with F. pallidifulva nitidiventris and F. subsericea, generally only 3-5 nest mates attacked the same larva, and they took much longer to subdue the prey. Attacks by F. subcericea inevitably were lethal, whereas >50% of the cutworms attacked by F. pallidifulva nitidiventris managed to escape.