Published, randomised controlled trials that studied the effect of massage as a stand-alone intervention (compared to no treatment or to another active intervention) in people aged over 18 years with common musculoskeletal disorders (Box 1) were included.Two review authors (DB, PL) independently performed the selection. First, titles and abstracts were screened for possible eligibility. Next, the full-text articles were independently screened for definite inclusion. The review authors resolved discrepancies through discussion or by a third author (AV).