The rock cycle refers to the diverse set of natural processes that lead to the formation and transformation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. A short list of such processes includes erosion and weathering, sediment burial, seafloor spreading, volcanism, tectonism, sediment transportation and cementation. Few or no rules apply to the rock cycle. For example, sedimentary rocks can be formed from fragments of pre-existing igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rocks, or any combination thereof, or can be formed by organic or inorganic precipitation of common ions dissolved in salt or fresh water. Igneous rocks can be formed via melting and extrusion or intrusion of pre-existing sedimentary, metamorphic, and/or igneous rocks. Metamorphic rocks can be formed by alteration of pre-existing rock types through hydrothermalism, fault slip, or exposure to high temperatures and pressures due to deep burial. The rock cycle operates in all geologic settings, ranging from the deepest part of the oceans (where oceanic seafloor reacts with seawater to form new "hydrated" minerals) to the highest peaks, where glaciation erodes and transports pre-existing rocks to lower elevations.
The rock cycle refers to the diverse set of natural processes that lead to the formation and transformation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. A short list of such processes includes erosion and weathering, sediment burial, seafloor spreading, volcanism, tectonism, sediment transportation and cementation. Few or no rules apply to the rock cycle. For example, sedimentary rocks can be formed from fragments of pre-existing igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rocks, or any combination thereof, or can be formed by organic or inorganic precipitation of common ions dissolved in salt or fresh water. Igneous rocks can be formed via melting and extrusion or intrusion of pre-existing sedimentary, metamorphic, and/or igneous rocks. Metamorphic rocks can be formed by alteration of pre-existing rock types through hydrothermalism, fault slip, or exposure to high temperatures and pressures due to deep burial. The rock cycle operates in all geologic settings, ranging from the deepest part of the oceans (where oceanic seafloor reacts with seawater to form new "hydrated" minerals) to the highest peaks, where glaciation erodes and transports pre-existing rocks to lower elevations.
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