The final variable of interest was the occupation of the position to be filled (K Occupations were classified into managerial and work. Most of the managerial samples were first-line supervisors positions included firms and other managerial in manufacturing Nonmana- managers and general division managers consultants department engineers, psychiatrists. students in graduate progerial occupations included police, fire fighters. sales personnel. grams, pilots. and CIA agents. Two samples were composed of multiple occupations and were classified as nonmanagerial The performance criterion was coded as either Criterion t Because some decision. a subjective rating or an administrative studies included both types of outcomes, we coded the presence of each type of criterion measure separately. Subjective ratings con- sisted of ratings or rankings made by either a supervisor or an administrator at a higher level in the organization than the partic- stud ipont (K 57: percentage of agreement 84%). Administrative decisions such as promotions. organizational decisions included 92: percentage of salary changes, and receipt of bonuses 96%) agreement ratings. Subjective performance Purpose of performance ratings were classified into those that were developed for the validation study (research based) and those that were conducted for administrative purposes. Meta-Analytic Procedure random-effects meta-analysis