THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
As in Mason, Burton, and Stacey(1982), problem solving is being considered here in relation to mathematical thinking. This study is also framed in Mason et al.'s e importance of self-study of personal experience as a basis of improving mathematical thinking or problem-solving ability. They suggest that problem solving can be improved by tackling questions conscientiously; reflecting on this experience: linking feelings with action; studying the process of resolving problems and noticing how what you leam fits in with your own experience(p. i Mason et al. (1982) encourage the writing of one's thinking to help one notice and thereby to learn from one's experience. There are several things worth noting,particularly: key ideas; key moments that stand out in one's memory; and positively what one can learn from this experience. To facilitate this process, Mason et al. suggest four key words to use in making notes and in one's thinking: Stuck!, Aha!, Check, and Reflect. Whenever one realizes one is stuck, one writes down Stuck and why one is tuck. "For example: l do not understand I do not know what to do about cannot see why(p. 16). Whenever one gets an Aha, i e., an cannot see how to idea or thinks one sees something, write it down. For example, "write down Aha and follow it with Try Maybe(p. 16). One then Checks any But why calculations or reasoning, any insight on some examples, that the resolution does in t resolve the original question and Reflects on what happened. These key words provide a scaffold around which a resolution is built, and encourages checking and reflecting on one's resolution, an essential ingredient for improving one mathematical thinking
hile this process is intended to improve one's problem solving or mathematical thinking ability, in this study it is being adapted to improve mathematical problem- solving knowledge for teaching[MPSKT). The focus is on one aspect of MPSKT identified in Chapman(2012); knowledge of problem solving, i e., "teachers should have conceptual and procedural knowledge of mathematical problem solving. Th includes understanding the stages problem solvers often pass through in the process of reaching a solution" (p. 108). In particular, the goal is to check the effectiveness of a selfstudy of experience with non-routine problems using only the key words Stuck and Aha as a basis of doing this compared to one without them.
มุมมองทฤษฎี As in Mason, Burton, and Stacey(1982), problem solving is being considered here in relation to mathematical thinking. This study is also framed in Mason et al.'s e importance of self-study of personal experience as a basis of improving mathematical thinking or problem-solving ability. They suggest that problem solving can be improved by tackling questions conscientiously; reflecting on this experience: linking feelings with action; studying the process of resolving problems and noticing how what you leam fits in with your own experience(p. i Mason et al. (1982) encourage the writing of one's thinking to help one notice and thereby to learn from one's experience. There are several things worth noting,particularly: key ideas; key moments that stand out in one's memory; and positively what one can learn from this experience. To facilitate this process, Mason et al. suggest four key words to use in making notes and in one's thinking: Stuck!, Aha!, Check, and Reflect. Whenever one realizes one is stuck, one writes down Stuck and why one is tuck. "For example: l do not understand I do not know what to do about cannot see why(p. 16). Whenever one gets an Aha, i e., an cannot see how to idea or thinks one sees something, write it down. For example, "write down Aha and follow it with Try Maybe(p. 16). One then Checks any But why calculations or reasoning, any insight on some examples, that the resolution does in t resolve the original question and Reflects on what happened. These key words provide a scaffold around which a resolution is built, and encourages checking and reflecting on one's resolution, an essential ingredient for improving one mathematical thinkingกระบวนการนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อปรับปรุงของการแก้ปัญหาหรือความสามารถในการคิดทางคณิตศาสตร์ hile ในการศึกษานี้ จะเป็นการดัดแปลงปรับปรุงคณิตศาสตร์ปัญหา - แก้ปัญหาความรู้ teaching[MPSKT) โฟกัสอยู่บนด้านหนึ่งของ MPSKT ที่ระบุใน Chapman(2012) ความรู้ในการแก้ปัญหา ฉันอี "ครูควรมีความรู้แนวคิด และขั้นตอนของการแก้ปัญหาทางคณิตศาสตร์ Th มีนักแก้ปัญหาขั้นมักจะส่งผ่านกำลังถึงปัญหาทำความเข้าใจ" (p. 108) โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง เป้าหมายคือการ ตรวจสอบประสิทธิภาพของ selfstudy ประสบการณ์กับปัญหาไม่ใช่ขั้นตอนที่ใช้เฉพาะคำสำคัญ Stuck และลเอเป็นพื้นฐานของการทำเช่นนี้ไปไม่ได้
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