Approximately 11% of all AUGIB is variceal
bleeding (Hearnshaw et al, 2011). Varices are
abnormally distended veins in the oesophagus or
stomach, which occur as a result of high pressure in
the portal venous system. They may be secondary
to chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) of any aetiology,
and variceal bleeding carries a significant mortality
rate of up to 50%