Modification can provide new functionalities in starches.
Cross-linked starches are usually produced to improve
starch resistance to disintegration during cooking in water
and to be kept away from getting a thick and pasty mass.
Annealed starches are usually heat resistant and produce
rigid gels, however, they have a few industrial applications.
The results of this study showed that some functional
properties of wheat starch can be improved by both crosslinking
and annealing which cannot be achieved by either
of these modifications, individually. Based on the results,
the dual modification used in this study could increase
gelatinization temperature and enthalpy of the cross-linked
starch. It also produced a less viscous paste compared to
the cross-linked samples even at high level of cross-linking
agent concentration. Moreover, after cooling of the paste,
the setback and final viscosities were significantly lower
than those of the native one and only annealed or crosslinked
starch samples. This may indicate that the dualmodified
starches were more resistance to retrogradation
than only cross-linked or annealed samples. Gels produced
from dual-modified starches were stronger than their native
or cross-linked counterparts. These properties make the
dual-modified starch more appropriate to be used in food
products such as canned and frozen foods. Declines in
granular swelling and water solubility make the dualmodified
starches with more pleasing properties for noodle
and pasta manufacturing. Since annealing is a simple
further applications.