rhe melting permafrost and increasing temperatures are both affecting the forests of Alaska. As the permafrost under the forests melts, insects that normally don't turn up until the warmer seasons are appearing sooner. the spruce-bark beetle, for exemple, is increasing in numbers as a result of warmer winter temperatures. it usally takes about 2 years for these beetles to grow and reproduce in very cold weather. however , due to the increase in temperatures ; spruce-bark beetles are reproducing faster and damaging as many trees in 1 year as they previously damage in 2. if something can't be done to change things, Alaska's forests will not survice the turn of the century