Not all groups or organizations are equally political. In some organizations, for in stance, politicking is overt and rampant, while in others, politics plays a small role in influencing outcomes. Why is there this variation? Recent research and obser vation have identified a number of factors that appear to encourage political be havior. Some are individual characteristics, derived from the unique qualities of the people the organization employs; others are a result of the organization's cul ture or internal environment. Exhibit 13-4 on page 378 illustrates how both indi vidual and organizational factors can increase political behavior and provide fa vorable outcomes(increased rewards and averted punishments for both individuals and groups in the organization.