The idea of considering water use along supply chains has gained interest after the introduction of the ‘water footprint’ concept by Hoekstra in 2002 (Hoekstra,2003).
The water footprint is an indicator of freshwater use that looks not only at direct water use of a consumer or producer, but also at the indirect water use.
The water footprint can be regarded as a comprehensive indicator of freshwater resources appropriation,
next to the traditional and restricted measure of water withdrawal.
The water footprint of a product is the volume of freshwater used to produce the product,
measured over the full supply chain.
It is a multidimensional indicator,
showing water consumption volumes by source and polluted volumes by type of pollution; all components of a total water footprint are specified geographically and temporally.
The blue water footprint refers to consumption of blue water resources (surface and groundwater) along the supply chain of a product.
‘Consumption’ refers to loss of water from the available ground-surface water body in a catchment area.
Losses occur when water evaporates,
returns to another catchment area or the sea or is incorporated into a product.
The green water footprint refers to consumption of green water resources (rainwater insofar as it does not become run-off).
The grey water footprint refers to pollution and is defined as the volume of freshwater that is required to assimilate the load of pollutants given natural background concentrations and existing ambient water quality standards.
As an indicator of ‘water use’, the water footprint differs from the classical measure of ‘water withdrawal’ in three respects (Figure 1.1)
The idea of considering water use along supply chains has gained interest after the introduction of the ‘water footprint’ concept by Hoekstra in 2002 (Hoekstra,2003).
The water footprint is an indicator of freshwater use that looks not only at direct water use of a consumer or producer, but also at the indirect water use.
The water footprint can be regarded as a comprehensive indicator of freshwater resources appropriation,
next to the traditional and restricted measure of water withdrawal.
The water footprint of a product is the volume of freshwater used to produce the product,
measured over the full supply chain.
It is a multidimensional indicator,
showing water consumption volumes by source and polluted volumes by type of pollution; all components of a total water footprint are specified geographically and temporally.
The blue water footprint refers to consumption of blue water resources (surface and groundwater) along the supply chain of a product.
‘Consumption’ refers to loss of water from the available ground-surface water body in a catchment area.
Losses occur when water evaporates,
returns to another catchment area or the sea or is incorporated into a product.
The green water footprint refers to consumption of green water resources (rainwater insofar as it does not become run-off).
The grey water footprint refers to pollution and is defined as the volume of freshwater that is required to assimilate the load of pollutants given natural background concentrations and existing ambient water quality standards.
As an indicator of ‘water use’, the water footprint differs from the classical measure of ‘water withdrawal’ in three respects (Figure 1.1)
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