Raymond Williams (1983b:296) points to two meanings of 'represent' that have developed through history. A representation, he suggests, can mean either’ a symbol or image, or the process of presenting to the eye or the mind’. The meaning of symbol or image is particularly important. A representation re-presents or stands for something else. As Williams explains, this meaning is complicated by the development of the idea of an ‘accurate reproduction'. Hence, a photograph represents that which was arranged before the camera, but is also often thought to be an accurate reproduction of it. We are familiar with the common phrase' the camera never lies. However, we should also be aware that photographs may be cropped or doctored to produce a particular meaning.