By 15,000 years ago, a material culture known as the Hoabinhian, named after sites excavated in the 1920s in the Vietnamese province of Hoa Binh, began to spread throughout much of mainland Southeast Asia. Hoabinhian sites in Laos have yielded core choppers, usually worked on one face only, stone axes and flake knives and scrapers, and points and spatulae made of bone. These were used to make traps, snares, and containers of wood, bamboo, and rattan that were easier and lighter to carry than the stone tools left at sites to which bands would repeatedly return. These material remains were associated with a modern fauna, including frogs, turtles, mon- keys, squirrels, civets, and small deer. Some larger species—pigs, cattle, and large deer—also appear. By 10,000 years ago, hand-made pottery was being produced.