CTS 1958, UNCLOS and many IMO conventions or
protocols, may well demonstrate the exercise of legislative jurisdiction by States
in this sense. Under UNCLOS this jurisdiction is confirmed anev^, inter alia, in
art. 211(1).^^^ Secondly, legislative jurisdiction can be exercised at regional level.
In this sense, the emergence of ten regional conventions with respect to marine
environment protection under the UNEP Regional Seas Programme may illustrate
this kind of legislative jurisdiction.^^"^ In pursuance of art. 123 of UNCLOS,
States bordering an enclosed or semi-enclosed sea are required to conduct regional
co-operation on maritime issues that, needless to say, include legislative arrangements
bearing on foreign shipping, arts. 194 and 197 of the Convention point
likewise towards the legislative competence of coastal States over foreign ships at
regional level.^^^ Lastly, the legislative jurisdiction is, most commonly, brought
In Churchill/Lowe's view, the extent of the legislative jurisdiction of coastal States
depends on the perception of the legal nature of the territorial sea. See The Law of the
Sea {999 92.