mplications for nurse managers
This study suggests that the top perceived leadership practices that influence critical care nurses' overall job satisfaction in a nonprofit organization in New York City are model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, and enable others to act.“Model the way” encompasses role modeling, accountability, reliability, perception and sensitivity, commitment to basic beliefs, and demonstration of transparency. Leaders should establish patterns of interaction that help their followers work collaboratively to achieve sustainable, positive outcomes. Exemplary leaders model the way by making explicit that there are no gaps between “what they say they do and their explanations for their actions” and “what they actually do and the real reasons for their actions.”10“Inspire a shared vision” reflects the nurses' passionate beliefs about the difference their leaders can make. It encompasses technical ability, vision, excitement, persuasion, strategy, and passion. This points to a leader who passionately leads his or her direct reports to achieve a high performance. The leader speaks of trends that affect the future performance of his or her direct reports and appeals to them to share their dream of the future and the achievement of their interests. The leader speaks with conviction and paints a “big picture” of the nurses' aspirations. Leaders can only inspire commitment; they can't command it. For a leader to gain support, he or she must have knowledge of the aspirations, visions, hopes, and values of his or her direct reports.11“Challenge the process” entails the search for opportunities to change the status quo. In addition, it encompasses adventure, encouragement, intellectual curiosity, goal orientation, provocative encouragement, innovation, and risk taking. The leader challenges the process by exhibiting adventurous behavior, seeking opportunities to test the skills of direct reports, and challenging them to try new approaches. The leader searches outside of the organization for new trends and innovative approaches to improve. He or she exhibits intellectual curiosity by asking “What can we learn?” and ensuring that the organizational goals, plans, and strategies are met. He or she experiments and takes risks. Leaders must be committed to change and should support their direct reports as they deal with challenging situations.11“Enable others to act” means building spirited teams. Leaders enable their direct reports to act by building trust, fostering collaborative relationships, and listening actively to differing points of view. Leaders enable others to act by showing empathy, treating others with respect and dignity, being supportive of the decisions others make, and building consensus by giving others choices about how to do their work, ensuring job growth. When nurses are trusted, have more discretion and authority, and are provided with more information, the outcome is extraordinary results.11 Effective leadership also involves being aware of others' self-perceptions.12
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Leadership matters
The findings of this study suggest that leadership behaviors are the primary factor in determining job satisfaction. To address the nursing shortage, hospital leaders must implement strategies to improve job satisfaction to retain critical care nurses. The complexities of interpersonal relationships within the clinical environment and the critical issues that nurses face on a daily basis indicate that morale, job satisfaction, and motivation are essential components of improving workplace efficiency, output, and communication among staff.13 Nurse leaders and healthcare administrators may use the results of this study to develop and implement strategies that will decrease critical care nurse turnover costs and improve patient safety, patient satisfaction, and cost reduction
mplications สำหรับผู้บริหารการพยาบาลThis study suggests that the top perceived leadership practices that influence critical care nurses' overall job satisfaction in a nonprofit organization in New York City are model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, and enable others to act.“Model the way” encompasses role modeling, accountability, reliability, perception and sensitivity, commitment to basic beliefs, and demonstration of transparency. Leaders should establish patterns of interaction that help their followers work collaboratively to achieve sustainable, positive outcomes. Exemplary leaders model the way by making explicit that there are no gaps between “what they say they do and their explanations for their actions” and “what they actually do and the real reasons for their actions.”10“Inspire a shared vision” reflects the nurses' passionate beliefs about the difference their leaders can make. It encompasses technical ability, vision, excitement, persuasion, strategy, and passion. This points to a leader who passionately leads his or her direct reports to achieve a high performance. The leader speaks of trends that affect the future performance of his or her direct reports and appeals to them to share their dream of the future and the achievement of their interests. The leader speaks with conviction and paints a “big picture” of the nurses' aspirations. Leaders can only inspire commitment; they can't command it. For a leader to gain support, he or she must have knowledge of the aspirations, visions, hopes, and values of his or her direct reports.11“Challenge the process” entails the search for opportunities to change the status quo. In addition, it encompasses adventure, encouragement, intellectual curiosity, goal orientation, provocative encouragement, innovation, and risk taking. The leader challenges the process by exhibiting adventurous behavior, seeking opportunities to test the skills of direct reports, and challenging them to try new approaches. The leader searches outside of the organization for new trends and innovative approaches to improve. He or she exhibits intellectual curiosity by asking “What can we learn?” and ensuring that the organizational goals, plans, and strategies are met. He or she experiments and takes risks. Leaders must be committed to change and should support their direct reports as they deal with challenging situations.11“Enable others to act” means building spirited teams. Leaders enable their direct reports to act by building trust, fostering collaborative relationships, and listening actively to differing points of view. Leaders enable others to act by showing empathy, treating others with respect and dignity, being supportive of the decisions others make, and building consensus by giving others choices about how to do their work, ensuring job growth. When nurses are trusted, have more discretion and authority, and are provided with more information, the outcome is extraordinary results.11 Effective leadership also involves being aware of others' self-perceptions.12กลับสู่ด้านบน | บทความเค้าเรื่องภาวะผู้นำผลการวิจัยของการศึกษานี้แนะนำว่า พฤติกรรมภาวะผู้นำเป็นปัจจัยหลักในการกำหนดงานความพึงพอใจ เพื่อแก้ไขปัญหาการขาดแคลนพยาบาล โรงพยาบาลผู้นำต้องใช้กลยุทธ์เพื่อปรับปรุงความพึงพอใจในงานรักษาพยาบาลดูแลสำคัญ ความซับซ้อนของความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างบุคคลภายในสภาพแวดล้อมทางคลินิกและประเด็นสำคัญที่พยาบาลหน้าประจำวันแสดงว่า ขวัญกำลังใจ ความพึงพอใจในงาน และแรงจูงใจเป็นส่วนประกอบสำคัญของการปรับปรุงประสิทธิภาพการทำงาน ผลผลิต และติดต่อสื่อสารระหว่างผู้นำ staff.13 พยาบาลและแพทย์ผู้ดูแลอาจใช้ผลการศึกษาการพัฒนา และใช้กลยุทธ์ที่จะลดต้นทุนหมุนเวียนการพยาบาลดูแลสำคัญ และเพิ่มความปลอดภัยผู้ป่วย ความพึงพอใจผู้ป่วย และการลดต้นทุน
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