The person may undergo a brain scan, which can show whether certain changes have taken place in the brain. There are a number of different types of brain scan. The most widely used are CT (computerised tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). A brain scan may rule out certain conditions such as stroke, tumour or a build-up of fluid inside the brain. These can have symptoms similar to those of Alzheimer’s. It may also clarify the type of dementia. In a person with early Alzheimer’s disease a brain scan may show that the hippocampus and surrounding brain tissue have shrunk.
The diagnosis should be communicated clearly to the person and usually also to those closest to them, along with a discussion about the next steps. For more information see factsheet 426, Assessment and diagnosis.
Treatment and support
There is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, but there is a lot that can be done to enable someone to live well with the condition. This will involve drug and non-drug care, support and activities.
The person should have a chance to talk to a professional about their diagnosis. This could be a psychiatrist or mental health nurse, a clinical psychologist, occupational therapist or GP. Information on the support that is available and where to go for further advice is vital in helping someone to stay physically and mentally well. Professionals such as the GP and staff at the memory service or local Alzheimer’s Society can advise on what might best meet the needs of the individual and of those caring for them.
There are drug treatments for Alzheimer’s disease that can temporarily alleviate some symptoms or slow down their
progression in some people. (The names in brackets are common brands of these drugs.)