4. Discussion
Recently, LAB have been successfully used as probiotics for preventing
or curing infectious diseases in a variety of animals. In
rainbow trout, fish fed a diet containing Lactobacillus plantarum
showed higher levels of the mRNAs for IL-10, IL-8 and IgT, implying
that Lb. plantarum stimulated the immune response of these fish
and enhanced their resistance to Lactococcus garvieae infection
(Pérez-Sánchez et al., 2011). In addition, oral administration of
heat-killed Lactobacillus pentosus in mice increased anti-IFV (influenza
virus) IgA and immunoglobulin G titers, and was capable of
significantly extending the survival period against IFV infection
(Kobayashi et al., 2011). In this context, therefore, we investigated
which LAB from fermented feeds and foods could potentially be
used for probiotics in honeybees. Since honeybee products, such
as honey and royal jelly, are consumed by humans, human safety
should be considered when developing probiotics. Most of the
sources of LAB used in this study have traditionally been consumed
by humans, implying that these bacteria pose little risk for human
health. Moreover, no toxic effects were observed in the larvae and
adults with the LAB densities used in this study (ca. 107 cfu/ml),
suggesting that these LAB were not pathogenic in honeybees
4. DiscussionRecently, LAB have been successfully used as probiotics for preventingor curing infectious diseases in a variety of animals. Inrainbow trout, fish fed a diet containing Lactobacillus plantarumshowed higher levels of the mRNAs for IL-10, IL-8 and IgT, implyingthat Lb. plantarum stimulated the immune response of these fishand enhanced their resistance to Lactococcus garvieae infection(Pérez-Sánchez et al., 2011). In addition, oral administration ofheat-killed Lactobacillus pentosus in mice increased anti-IFV (influenzavirus) IgA and immunoglobulin G titers, and was capable ofsignificantly extending the survival period against IFV infection(Kobayashi et al., 2011). In this context, therefore, we investigatedwhich LAB from fermented feeds and foods could potentially beused for probiotics in honeybees. Since honeybee products, suchas honey and royal jelly, are consumed by humans, human safetyshould be considered when developing probiotics. Most of thesources of LAB used in this study have traditionally been consumedby humans, implying that these bacteria pose little risk for humanhealth. Moreover, no toxic effects were observed in the larvae andadults with the LAB densities used in this study (ca. 107 cfu/ml),suggesting that these LAB were not pathogenic in honeybees
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