Aniline was purified by distillation (184 °C, 5 h) under vacuum with vigorous stirring to prevent bumping. A PANI dispersion as nanofibre was prepared using the methods described by Huang and Kaner (2006). The purified aniline (3.2 mmol or 0.3 g) was mixed with 10 mL of 1 M HCl acid solution.