The WHO’s 2014 Global Report on Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance highlights the lack of har¬monized global standards in sampling methodology, diagnostic protocols and reporting procedures across integrated AMR surveillance and monitoring systems in the food chain. It particularly emphasized the need to collect and integrate “data on transmissible [resis¬tance genes] in zoonotic, commensal and pathogenic bacteria from humans, animals and food.”30 Moreover, there are no international standards setting limits on the presence of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in food, and accordingly, there are currently no interna¬tional guidelines describing the appropriate response.