Control
Control by sanitation is effective but not feasible in endemic areas. A good vaccine has not yet been developed. A parenteral vaccine of whole killed bacteria has been used widely, but is relatively ineffective and is not generally recommended. An experimental oral vaccine of killed whole cells and toxin B-subunit protein is less than ideal. Living attenuated genetically engineered mutants are promising, but such strains can cause limited diarrhea as a side effect. Antibiotic prophylaxis is feasible for small groups over short periods.