For the purpose of multiple access, a cognitive-CDMA system utilizes a set of pseudorandom poly phase sequences, which are generated from linear feedback shift register and poly phase mapping, for frequency-domain spreading.
However in CR scenarios, since partial spectrum bins are occupied by other wireless communication systems, the orthogonality among spreading sequences is destroyed, leading to multiple access interference (MAI).
In addition, channel uncertainties are likely to produce spectrum sensing mismatch between available spectrum bins obtained by both the transmitter and receiver, resulting in a significant rise of MAI [8], [15].
As a result, these two key problems become a bottleneck of practical cognitive-CDMA systems.