pora caliendrum and Galaxea fascicularis (Ferrier-Pages
et al. 2003; Treignieret al. 2009; Wijgerdeet al. 2012a).
Heterotrophic feeding also improves coral quality as it contributes to maximize resilience to stress and potential for
recovery (Grottoli et al. 2006). This is important to
increase the tolerance of corals to changes in water quality
and light variation that often occur in the MOT, as well as
to improve the adaptation potential of corals that are cultured for reef restoration purposes. Furthermore, the
increase in the tissue-to-skeleton ratio promoted by coral
feeding (Ferrier-Pageset al.2003; Houlbrequeet al.2003)
is critical for coral cultures targeting the pharmaceutical
industry (Lealet al.2014d).
Heterotrophy provides the coral with important nutrients (mainly nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus) in an
appropriate biological ratio, which is not expected to disturb the nutrient balance inside the coral. However, feeding
frequency may alter this balance, particularly if the nutrient
load in the surrounding water decreases water quality and
interferes with the natural inorganic nutrient concentrations. Forsmanet al.(2011), for example, observed a significantly slower growth of M. capitataand P. damicornis,
when feeding doses increased too much and deteriorated
water quality.
Trace elements and amino acids present in the coral’s
diet may also contribute to colour manipulation (Balling
et al.2008). Although, to our knowledge, the manipulation
of coral colour through nutrition has never been studied,
Borneman (2001) suggests that some pigments, such as carotenoids related to vitamin A, may be dietary and produce
red, orange and some yellow orange coloration
pora caliendrum and Galaxea fascicularis (Ferrier-Pageset al. 2003; Treignieret al. 2009; Wijgerdeet al. 2012a).Heterotrophic feeding also improves coral quality as it contributes to maximize resilience to stress and potential forrecovery (Grottoli et al. 2006). This is important toincrease the tolerance of corals to changes in water qualityand light variation that often occur in the MOT, as well asto improve the adaptation potential of corals that are cultured for reef restoration purposes. Furthermore, theincrease in the tissue-to-skeleton ratio promoted by coralfeeding (Ferrier-Pageset al.2003; Houlbrequeet al.2003)is critical for coral cultures targeting the pharmaceuticalindustry (Lealet al.2014d).Heterotrophy provides the coral with important nutrients (mainly nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus) in anappropriate biological ratio, which is not expected to disturb the nutrient balance inside the coral. However, feedingfrequency may alter this balance, particularly if the nutrientload in the surrounding water decreases water quality andinterferes with the natural inorganic nutrient concentrations. Forsmanet al.(2011), for example, observed a significantly slower growth of M. capitataand P. damicornis,when feeding doses increased too much and deterioratedwater quality.Trace elements and amino acids present in the coral’sdiet may also contribute to colour manipulation (Ballinget al.2008). Although, to our knowledge, the manipulationof coral colour through nutrition has never been studied,Borneman (2001) suggests that some pigments, such as carotenoids related to vitamin A, may be dietary and producered, orange and some yellow orange coloration
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