. The pipe is made of A992 steel and is connected to
the collars at A and B . When the temperature is 60°F, there
is no axial load in the pipe. If hot gas traveling through the
pipe causes its temperature to rise by _T = (40 + 15x)_F,
where x is in feet, determine the average normal stress in the
pipe. The inner diameter is 2 in., the wall thickness is 0.15 in.