This
paper
examines
the
microfoundations
of
the
determinants
of
international
competitiveness.
It
does
so
within
the
broader
“technology
gap”
perspective
whereby
wide
technological
and
organizational
dif-
ferences
ultimately
shape
the
patterns
of
trade
within
sectors
across
countries
and
their
dynamics.
First,
we
take
stock
of
the
incumbent
evidence
on
the
relation
between
cost-related
and
technological
com-
petition
at
country
and
sectoral
level.
The
overall
picture
indeed
suggests
that
the
countries’
sectoral
market
shares
are
mainly
shaped
by
technological
factors
while
cost
advantages/disadvantages
do
not
seem
to
play
any
significant
role.
But
within
any
sector,
within
any
country,
firms
widely
differ.
Hence
the
question:
does
this
property
apply
also
at
a
micro
level?
Here,
we
first
propose
a
heuristic
model
based
on
a
generalized
Polya
urn
process
yielding
such
a
property
and,
then,
empirically
attempt
to
identify
the
underlying
dynamics
at
the
firm
level
using
a
large
panel
of
Italian
firms,
over
nearly
two
decades.
Results
show
that
also
at
micro
level
in
most
sectors
investments
and
patents
correlate
positively
both
with
the
probability
of
being
an
exporter
and
with
the
capacity
to
acquire
and
to
increase
exports,
whereas
labour
costs
show
a
negative
effect
only
in
some
sectors.
The
result
is
reinforced
when
separating
the
short-
and
long-run
effects,
highlighting
the
predominant
impact
of
technological
proxies
and
basically
the
irrelevance
of
wage
costs
 
Thispaperexaminesthemicrofoundationsofthedeterminantsofinternationalcompetitiveness.Itdoessowithinthebroader“technologygap”perspectivewherebywidetechnologicalandorganizationaldif-ferencesultimatelyshapethepatternsoftradewithinsectorsacrosscountriesandtheirdynamics.First,wetakestockoftheincumbentevidenceontherelationbetweencost-relatedandtechnologicalcom-petitionatcountryandsectorallevel.Theoverallpictureindeedsuggeststhatthecountries’sectoralmarketsharesaremainlyshapedbytechnologicalfactorswhilecostadvantages/disadvantagesdonotseemtoplayanysignificantrole.Butwithinanysector,withinanycountry,firmswidelydiffer.Hencethequestion:doesthispropertyapplyalsoatamicrolevel?Here,wefirstproposeaheuristicmodelbasedonageneralizedPolyaurnprocessyieldingsuchapropertyand,then,empiricallyattempttoidentifytheunderlyingdynamicsatthefirmlevelusingalargepanelofItalianfirms,overnearlytwodecades.Resultsshowthatalsoatmicrolevelinmostsectorsinvestmentsandpatentscorrelatepositivelybothwiththeprobabilityofbeinganexporterandwiththecapacitytoacquireandถึงเพิ่มขึ้นส่งออกในขณะที่แรงงานค่าใช้จ่ายแสดงมีค่าลบผลเท่านั้นในบางภาคที่ผลมีเสริมเมื่อแยกที่สั้น-และ-ยาวผลเน้นที่กันผลกระทบต่อของเทคโนโลยีผู้รับมอบฉันทะและโดยทั่วไปที่irrelevanceของค่าจ้างค่าใช้จ่าย
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..

 
 
 
This 
paper 
examines 
the 
microfoundations 
of 
the 
determinants 
of 
international 
competitiveness. 
It 
does 
so 
within 
the 
broader 
“technology 
gap” 
perspective 
whereby 
wide 
technological 
and 
organizational 
dif- 
ferences 
ultimately 
shape 
the 
patterns 
of 
trade 
within 
sectors 
across 
countries 
and 
their 
dynamics. 
First, 
we 
take 
stock 
of 
the 
incumbent 
evidence 
on 
the 
relation 
between 
cost-related 
and 
technological 
com- 
petition 
at 
country 
and 
sectoral 
level. 
The 
overall 
picture 
indeed 
suggests 
that 
the 
countries' 
sectoral 
market 
shares 
are 
mainly 
shaped 
by 
technological 
factors 
while 
cost 
advantages/disadvantages 
do 
not 
seem 
to 
play 
any 
significant 
role. 
But 
within 
any 
sector, 
within 
any 
country, 
firms 
widely 
differ. 
Hence 
the 
question: 
does 
this 
property 
apply 
also 
at 
a 
micro 
level? 
Here, 
we 
first 
propose 
a 
heuristic 
model 
based 
on 
a 
generalized 
Polya 
urn 
process 
yielding 
such 
a 
property 
and, 
then, 
empirically 
attempt 
to 
identify 
the 
underlying 
dynamics 
at 
the 
firm 
level 
using 
a 
large 
panel 
of 
Italian 
firms, 
over 
nearly 
two 
decades. 
Results 
show 
that 
also 
at 
micro 
level 
in 
most 
sectors 
investments 
and 
patents 
correlate 
positively 
both 
with 
the 
probability 
of 
being 
an 
exporter 
and 
with 
the 
capacity 
to 
acquire 
and 
to 
increase 
exports, 
whereas 
labour 
costs 
show 
a 
negative 
effect 
only 
in 
some 
sectors. 
The 
result 
is 
reinforced 
when 
separating 
the 
short- 
and 
long-run 
effects, 
highlighting 
the 
predominant 
impact 
of 
technological 
proxies 
and 
basically 
the 
irrelevance 
of 
wage 
costs
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
