r all these reasons, it is vital that port/terminal managers measure its performance, set performance targets, and then regularly assess its performance against those targets.
1. MEASURING PORT PERFORMANCE
Understanding performance is a concept fundamental to any business, whether it is the measuring of achievements against set goals and objectives or, against the competition. Ports are no exception and it is only by comparison that performance can be evaluated. Ports are, however, a complex business with many different sources of inputs and outputs which make direct comparison among apparently homogeneous ports seem difficult (Valentine and Gray, 2002).
The port industry like any other industry measures its performance. Such measurement has been focused on productivity indicators. Performance appraisal is a requirement for the development of any economic activity and the literature offers different definitions of performance (Marlow and Casaca, 2003). Mentzer and Konrad (1991) define performance as an investigation of effectiveness and efficiency in the accomplishment of a given activity and where the assessment is carried out in relation to how well the objectives have been met.
UNCTAD (1999) suggests two categories of port performance indicators: macro performance indicators quantifying aggregate port impacts on economic activity, and micro performance indicators evaluating input/output ratio measurements of port operations (Bichou and Gray, 2004).
Traditionally, the performance of ports has been variously evaluated by calculating cargo-handling productivity at berth (Bendall and Stent, 1987; Tabernacle, 1995; Ashar, 1997), by measuring a single factor productivity (De Monie, 1987) or by comparing actual with optimum throughput over a specific time period (Talley, 1998). In recent years, significant progress has been made concerning the measurement of efficiency in relation to productive activities. In this vein, two more complex, yet more
r all these reasons, it is vital that port/terminal managers measure its performance, set performance targets, and then regularly assess its performance against those targets.1. MEASURING PORT PERFORMANCEUnderstanding performance is a concept fundamental to any business, whether it is the measuring of achievements against set goals and objectives or, against the competition. Ports are no exception and it is only by comparison that performance can be evaluated. Ports are, however, a complex business with many different sources of inputs and outputs which make direct comparison among apparently homogeneous ports seem difficult (Valentine and Gray, 2002).The port industry like any other industry measures its performance. Such measurement has been focused on productivity indicators. Performance appraisal is a requirement for the development of any economic activity and the literature offers different definitions of performance (Marlow and Casaca, 2003). Mentzer and Konrad (1991) define performance as an investigation of effectiveness and efficiency in the accomplishment of a given activity and where the assessment is carried out in relation to how well the objectives have been met.UNCTAD (1999) suggests two categories of port performance indicators: macro performance indicators quantifying aggregate port impacts on economic activity, and micro performance indicators evaluating input/output ratio measurements of port operations (Bichou and Gray, 2004).ประเพณี ประสิทธิภาพการทำงานของพอร์ตถูกเพิ่มประเมิน โดยการคำนวณผลผลิตการจัดการขนส่งสินค้าที่ประจวบ (Bendall และ Stent, 1987 พลับพลา 1995 Ashar, 1997) โดยวัดประสิทธิภาพปัจจัยเดียว (เด Monie, 1987) หรือ โดยการเปรียบเทียบจริง ด้วยอัตราความเร็วสูงสุดระยะเวลาที่เฉพาะเจาะจง (Talley, 1998) ในปีที่ผ่านมา ความคืบหน้าที่สำคัญได้วัดประสิทธิภาพเกี่ยวกับกิจกรรมต่าง ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการ ในหลอดเลือดดำนี้ เพิ่มเติมซับซ้อนสอง ยังเพิ่มเติม
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